“EDUCATION SYSTEM OF PAKISTAN”
Education is the simple process of learning and knowing. It
is not only restricted to the schools or educational institutions, rather a
child start learning things from mother’s lap. However, formal education starts
from school where he gets the know how of his surroundings.
Before going in to further details, the term
literacy should be taken into account according to this region. In
Pakistan“A person of 10 plus age is literate if he/she
“can read a newspaper
and write a simple letter, in any language.” (Mirza Tauheed-ud-Din,
AEPAM)
Literacy rate at the time of independence:
At the time of independence in 1947, the
overall literacy rate in India was 12.2%, and the parts that became Pakistan
probably had an even lower rate of literacy in single digits. The firstNational
Education Conference in 1947 was held under the leader ship of Quaid-e-Azam.
National Educational Census:
The National Educational
Census (NEC) was first time conducted between 2005\2006 in Pakistan. The
specification was to collect the information on all types of schools in
Pakistan. It showed that:
- 36 million students were attending an educational institution in 2005/06.
- Just fewer than 50% of those students (17.8 million) were studying at the primary level.
- 20.9% (7.5 million) in pre-primary.
- 15.4% (5.6 million) in middle elementary.
- 6.9% (2.5 million) in secondary,.
- 2.5% (.9 million) in higher secondary.
- 4.9% (1.8 million) at the post secondary
These devastating effects showed the need of high level of
literacy for the population of Pakistan. The literacy rate of women was only 19%.
Literacy rate in Pakistan from 2005-2008:
Literacy in Pakistan has
grown by about 13% during President Mushsarraf’s
rule to about 56%, it remains
woefully low when compared to other South Asian nations. Pakistan's human development ranking remains
very low, as it has been ranked at 141 on
a list of 177 countries.The nation is now paying a heavy price for these years of neglect.
Literacy rate from 2008-2010:
- Punjab stood at (59.6 %),
- Sindh (58.2%),
- Khyber Pakhtun Khwa (50.9%)
- Baluchistan at (51.5%).
Problems of educational System of Pakistan:
Following
are the reasons for the poor development of educational system of Pakistan.
- Poor economic growth
- Unavailability of funds (i.e. only 2.6% of the total GDP)
- Poverty
- Unequal Lines(difference of medium of education between government and private sector)
- Gender Discrimination
- Untrained Teachers
- Lack of Technical Education
- Corruption
- Social imbalance
- Mismanagement of system
- Infrastructure problem
- Lack of effect educational policy
- Political interference
Despite the improvement in Pakistan's
literacy rate since its independence, the educational status of Pakistani women
is among the lowest in the world. The school drop-out rate among girls is very
high (almost 50 percent) although the educational achievements of female
students are higher as compared with male students at different levels of education.
Following are the main reasons of low literacy rate of women
- Gender discrimination
- Underdeveloped Infrastructure
- Illiteracy
- Continued threat of prolonged conflict and war like situation
- Social, Cultural and family barrier
- Forcing girls to leave school just after primary level of education
- Unavailability of teachers
- Security issues
Province wise problems for women:
Punjab:
- Literacy rate of women is less than 49%
- inadequate medium of education
- quality of education
- social barriers
Khyber PakthunKhwa:
- 7.5% females are literate in FATA while in KPK it is around 18%
- Backwardness
- Radicalism
- Extremism
- Dogmatism
- Sindhi society is a male dominant society & female literacy rate is 22 %
- Lack of community members’ participation
- unawareness of importance of education by parents
- 2% of rural females are literate.
- Traditions assign women only to cook food, clean houses, child bearing& rearing etc.
- Low number of educational institutes (government-private)
- Already present schools lack staff
- Ghost schools
- Literacy rate of women s 27%
- Have no proper schools i.e. students have to go to other cities for education.
Following
are some solutions to improve the quality of education
a.
Increase in government initiatives(implementation
instead of just policy making)
b.
Corporation between federal and provincial
governments
c.
constructing new elementary schools for girls
d.
Allocation of funds should be made easy
e.
Proper training of the teachers(arrangement of
workshops ,seminars etc)
f.
Promotion of technical education
g.
Increase in teachers’ incentive
h.
Balance between
standard of education among all institutes
i.
Scholarships
j.
Special financial packages
k.
Promotion of primary education
l.
Providing quality education
m.
Promoting nongovernmental programs like “Zara socheiye”
n.
Television, radio slogans should be introduced
in local languages for the uplift of female education.
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CONCLUSION:
Education is the only cure of the instability
in the state and can bring revolution through evolution, by eradicating the
social evils. This is how illiteracy can be removed from Pakistan. Without
educated women in our society, the social benefits cannot be predicted. Their education
and boarder vision can increase not only their income but can also lead towards
the growth in GDP. It is only thing which can turn a burden of population into
productive human resource.
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SOURCES:
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